25のシチュエーションによる 技術ディスカッションの英語表現
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宮崎 和英著
ISBN4-8052-0430-3
A5判
244頁/\2,000+税
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概要
科学技術者が英語のディスカッションで困っている共通の問題を25のシチュエーション別に整理し,豊富な体験に裏打ちされた適切なアドバイスをした.海外での市場開拓や技術輸出,学会発表や研究交流時の英語表現の参考となる基本表現例250を詳しく解説し,ハイテク関連の表現も加えた増補版.
目次
はじめに
技術ディスカッションの英語表現はなぜむずかしいか。
(1) 自分が何を表現しようとするのか
(2) 自分の従来の英語の基礎知識を活かしているか
(3) 自分の日本語の特徴を自覚してみたことがあるか
(4) 英語表現を組合わせたり応用してみようと試みたことがあるか
本書のねらいと、生まれたいきさつ
本書の読み方および参考書
1. プロローグ
自分の所見ははっきりのべる。
a new information
somewhat in disagreement with
this is very true
I can't understand this
a little confused
the same thing
precisely the same thing
it strikes me that
speaking from memory
I believe that
makes a good point in
2. 質問
相手の名前をよびかけながら、ゆっくり話す。
have a question to ask
put one question to
tell us how
give us further details
what is
what happens to
why is
why not
any comment on
question that occurs to me is
I ask this question because
3. 目的、背景
自分のねらいを、相手によく判ってもらうことが先決。
intend to investigate
primary concern was with
an attempt to
development targets
fall into
much interest in
attention …… on(to) ……
the point is
findings
so far as I know
reason
feeling
4. 文献
技術文献や学術論文は、共通言語、共通情報である。
quite a few reference
remarkably few data
available
a lot of work
in your paper
not clearly stated in the references
variously reported
in the literature
the work by
a rather respectable job
reported value
5. 問題点、困難性
難問題の攻略苦心談などは、
技術ディスカッションの雰囲気をもりあげる。
a very serious problem
a major problem encountered
quite difficult
difficult if not impossible
complication
approaching the problem
trouble is experienced
immediate problem
of minor consequence
importance
problems associated with
6. 要因、影響
何が何に対して、どう連携するのかを、具体的に表現する。
factors involved
the influence of
important parameter
temperature dependent
depend …… on
adversely affected
governed by
vary …… with
it may be a factor
make little difference whether
very linear with
7. グラフ
グラフが躍動して眼前に浮ぶように表現する。
linear decrease in
long plateau
temperature dependence
plot
level off
peak
spread of data
in the portion of the curve AB
not a quantitative diagram
anomalous points
experimental curve
8. 実験規模
研究から工場操業まで、各段階に応じて
独特の用語や表現があることに注意。
laboratory work
on a 1.5 liter scale
batch experiment
scale-up ratio
pilot test run
pilot testing
pilot plant work
units
fullsize kiln
the production went into full swing
9. 操作
手なれている操作を、英語の眼や口でもう一度見直してみよう。
handled in a well-ventilated hoodl
performed in a dry nitrogen atmosphere
kept in vacuum
allowed to
admitted to
treated as indicated in the flowsheet
run in triplicate
the electrolytic method
the other means
approach
10. 図で話す
写真、設計図などを示しての議論も
技術ディスカッションの展開に有効。
a scanning microscope view
a schematic arrangement
the processing scheme
set up as indicated
a simplified version
a simplified model …… is shown in ……
excellent example is exhibited in ……
illustrated a design for
see Fig. ……
just do it graphically
11. 反応
専門分野のテクニカルタームも、
他分野の人たちにわかるように意志表示をしよう。
these reactions could occur
the reaction proceeds
it affords the product
complete precipitation occurs
the formation of ……
at the end of reaction period
the decomposition of ……
endothermic peak
equilibrium between
go in high yield
12. 表示
苦心して作りあげたデータは、いきいきと話そう。
かたりかける表現法と説得力の工夫。
as shown in Table ……
data are given in Table ……
Table …… gives a compilation of
intended to show
a tabulation of
presented in Table ……
presents a summary of
summarized in Table ……
Table …… depicts
in …… we have listed
13. 数値
数値はゆっくりと区切って、落着いた声と態度で話す。
500 mA discharge
0.9 V end-point
99.95% purity
94% yield
about 1,000℃ or thereabouts
1 lb. of aluminum
10 kilowatt-hours of electrical energy
the average of
350℃ plus or minus 3℃
change from …… to ……
about-1mV/degree at pH 2-4
below pH 1
above pH 1
a two per cent error
a six degree uncertainty in
14. 程度、比較
ある標準と比較したり、相対的な尺度での説明も、ときには必要。
to the extent of
of the same order of magnitude as
this compares with
the degree to which it occurs
the higher …… , the better
by a factor of about 10
to the extents that
to a much greater degree
very little difference between
extremely
15. 反問
ディスカッションは同等の立場で行なうもので、
自信をもって反問しよう。
why
what
how can you be sure that ……
do you have data on ……
what is the basis of ……
don't you think ……
has …… ben considered
how much of a range of ……
were any experiments made in ……
if so, how
have you extended your work to ……
16. 確認
聞きたりない、いいたりない事柄は、面倒がらずに補いあおう。
repeat your argument on ……
I understand that ……
you were not explicit about ……
could you be precise on
I'm sure ……
we can confirm ……
I notice that ……
I didn't word this properly
I don't say that ……
does that answer the question
my interpretation of ……
17. 否定的応答
必要な場合の断固とした否定的応答は、
不必要な肯定的応答より、はるかに大切。
I have not done anything in this area
all that we can say is that ……
I am sorry that I cannot give ……
I haven't tried it
at the present time I can't give
we haven't done any work on ……
The answer to that question is not simple
that is difficult to answer because ……
this might well be a very difficult problem
this question does not pertain to
18. メカニズム
メカニズムまで掘下げるとディスカッションが活きる。
which mechanism predominates
the mechanism whereby ……
I do not have a mechanism
there are several theories on this subject
beyond the scope of ……
can you envisage a mechanism
lead to
…… by an ion exchange mechanism
It could reasonably be assumed that
It was hypothesized that
has it been theodized why ……
the following experiments suggest ……
19. 経済性
技術ディスカッションには、
主要原単位の表現および経済性についての検討が不可欠。
the costs of ……
maintenance cost
the capital requirements
the steam requirements
labor requirements
uranium recovery costs
at a current cost of ……
technically possible but economically successful
show appreciable economics over ……
more expensive than ……
20. 研究施設
人的資源と設備面との調和、
…… 設備にもいろいろあることに留意しよう。
professional and nonprofessional
laboratory is equipped with ……
facilities
instrument
a …… the instrument
apparatus
well supplied with
equipment
controllers
errors and uncertainties
Institute
techniques and skills involved
21. 機械設備
機械の動的、静的いずれの面もいきいきと伝えるための工夫。
machines
large amounts of power
in good condition
maintenance
machinery
investment in plant and equipment
torque and power
performance parameters
swing over
rack-and-pinion arrangement
press against
rotate
oscillate
transform …… into ……
the radioisotope gage
metal-working
structural materials
composition
treatment
Engineering Conference
22. 電気設備
日本語としてはやさしい言葉が、英語としてはかえってむずかしい。
male plug
power cord
100-volt
50-60 cycle A.C. line
turn the line switch
push the key switch
away from operator
turn off
torn on
warm-up
depress
hold
meter rises
initial zeroing
set at ……
meter is disconnected
chart is inking properly
23. エネルギー
エネルギー問題についてのディスカッションは、
すべての技術分野の共通要素。
energy consumed
thermal combustion
coal
oil
natural gas
crude oil
oil consumption
electricity
hydroelectric plant
fossil fuels
the world's energy requirements
sources of energy
nuclear energy
uranium
thorium
atomic energy center
military atomic energy project
dam
steam plant
black smoke
a loss of energy
a contamination of the air
24. しめくくり
折角の技術ディスカッションのしめくくりは、何かの形で必ずつけよう。
終り良ければすべて良し。
some highlighted aspects
to arive at conclusions
at a future meeting
external factors beyond our control
will be described in ……
my interpritation is that
we did not make this point clear
it is sufficient in this context to stress ……
leave the answer to this question until ……
the conclusion reached
25. ハイテク
絶えず前進しようと努力していれば、
そのこと自身がすでにハイテクである。
myriads of high-techs
p-type and n-type semiconducting materials
DNA
superconductors
fiber-reinforced composite
recycling
Space Shuttle orbitor
computer information retrieval
human control
science and technology
おわりに――シチュエーションに強くなろう
小さな熟語集
小さな熟語集(増補)
Dry martini の縁
ふたつの Cambridge
Waitress のことば
Boston Pops 寸描
この建物は古いですね
イタリア寸描
ハイテクとローテク
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