25のシチュエーションによる

技術ディスカッションの英語表現

表紙
宮崎 和英著

ISBN4-8052-0430-3

A5判

244頁/\2,000+税



概要

科学技術者が英語のディスカッションで困っている共通の問題を25のシチュエーション別に整理し,豊富な体験に裏打ちされた適切なアドバイスをした.海外での市場開拓や技術輸出,学会発表や研究交流時の英語表現の参考となる基本表現例250を詳しく解説し,ハイテク関連の表現も加えた増補版.

目次

 はじめに

 技術ディスカッションの英語表現はなぜむずかしいか。
 (1) 自分が何を表現しようとするのか
 (2) 自分の従来の英語の基礎知識を活かしているか
 (3) 自分の日本語の特徴を自覚してみたことがあるか
 (4) 英語表現を組合わせたり応用してみようと試みたことがあるか
 本書のねらいと、生まれたいきさつ
 本書の読み方および参考書

1. プロローグ
 自分の所見ははっきりのべる。
 a new information
 somewhat in disagreement with
 this is very true
 I can't understand this
 a little confused
 the same thing
 precisely the same thing
 it strikes me that
 speaking from memory
 I believe that
 makes a good point in

2. 質問
 相手の名前をよびかけながら、ゆっくり話す。
 have a question to ask
 put one question to
 tell us how
 give us further details
 what is
 what happens to
 why is
 why not
 any comment on
 question that occurs to me is
 I ask this question because

3. 目的、背景
 自分のねらいを、相手によく判ってもらうことが先決。
 intend to investigate
 primary concern was with
 an attempt to
 development targets
 fall into
 much interest in
 attention …… on(to) …… 
 the point is
 findings
 so far as I know
 reason
 feeling

4. 文献
 技術文献や学術論文は、共通言語、共通情報である。
 quite a few reference
 remarkably few data
 available
 a lot of work
 in your paper
 not clearly stated in the references
 variously reported
 in the literature
 the work by
 a rather respectable job
 reported value

5. 問題点、困難性
 難問題の攻略苦心談などは、
  技術ディスカッションの雰囲気をもりあげる。
 a very serious problem
 a major problem encountered
 quite difficult
 difficult if not impossible
 complication
 approaching the problem
 trouble is experienced
 immediate problem
 of minor consequence
 importance
 problems associated with

6. 要因、影響
 何が何に対して、どう連携するのかを、具体的に表現する。
 factors involved
 the influence of
 important parameter
 temperature dependent
 depend …… on
 adversely affected
 governed by
 vary …… with
 it may be a factor
 make little difference whether
 very linear with

7. グラフ
 グラフが躍動して眼前に浮ぶように表現する。
 linear decrease in
 long plateau
 temperature dependence
 plot
 level off
 peak
 spread of data
 in the portion of the curve AB
 not a quantitative diagram
 anomalous points
 experimental curve

8. 実験規模
 研究から工場操業まで、各段階に応じて
  独特の用語や表現があることに注意。
 laboratory work
 on a 1.5 liter scale
 batch experiment
 scale-up ratio
 pilot test run
 pilot testing
 pilot plant work
 units
 fullsize kiln
 the production went into full swing

9. 操作
 手なれている操作を、英語の眼や口でもう一度見直してみよう。
 handled in a well-ventilated hoodl
 performed in a dry nitrogen atmosphere
 kept in vacuum
 allowed to
 admitted to
 treated as indicated in the flowsheet
 run in triplicate
 the electrolytic method
 the other means
 approach

10. 図で話す
 写真、設計図などを示しての議論も
  技術ディスカッションの展開に有効。
 a scanning microscope view
 a schematic arrangement
 the processing scheme
 set up as indicated
 a simplified version
 a simplified model …… is shown in …… 
 excellent example is exhibited in …… 
 illustrated a design for
 see Fig. …… 
 just do it graphically

11. 反応
 専門分野のテクニカルタームも、
  他分野の人たちにわかるように意志表示をしよう。
 these reactions could occur
 the reaction proceeds
 it affords the product
 complete precipitation occurs
 the formation of …… 
 at the end of reaction period
 the decomposition of …… 
 endothermic peak
 equilibrium between
 go in high yield

12. 表示
 苦心して作りあげたデータは、いきいきと話そう。
  かたりかける表現法と説得力の工夫。
 as shown in Table …… 
 data are given in Table …… 
 Table …… gives a compilation of
 intended to show
 a tabulation of
 presented in Table …… 
 presents a summary of
 summarized in Table …… 
 Table …… depicts
 in …… we have listed

13. 数値
 数値はゆっくりと区切って、落着いた声と態度で話す。
 500 mA discharge
 0.9 V end-point
 99.95% purity
 94% yield
 about 1,000℃ or thereabouts
 1 lb. of aluminum
 10 kilowatt-hours of electrical energy
 the average of
 350℃ plus or minus 3℃
 change from …… to …… 
 about-1mV/degree at pH 2-4
 below pH 1
 above pH 1
 a two per cent error
 a six degree uncertainty in

14. 程度、比較
 ある標準と比較したり、相対的な尺度での説明も、ときには必要。
 to the extent of
 of the same order of magnitude as
 this compares with
 the degree to which it occurs
 the higher …… , the better
 by a factor of about 10
 to the extents that
 to a much greater degree
 very little difference between
 extremely

15. 反問
 ディスカッションは同等の立場で行なうもので、
  自信をもって反問しよう。
 why
 what
 how can you be sure that …… 
 do you have data on …… 
 what is the basis of …… 
 don't you think …… 
 has …… ben considered
 how much of a range of …… 
 were any experiments made in …… 
 if so, how
 have you extended your work to …… 

16. 確認
 聞きたりない、いいたりない事柄は、面倒がらずに補いあおう。
 repeat your argument on …… 
 I understand that …… 
 you were not explicit about …… 
 could you be precise on
 I'm sure …… 
 we can confirm …… 
 I notice that …… 
 I didn't word this properly
 I don't say that …… 
 does that answer the question
 my interpretation of …… 

17. 否定的応答
 必要な場合の断固とした否定的応答は、
  不必要な肯定的応答より、はるかに大切。
 I have not done anything in this area
 all that we can say is that …… 
 I am sorry that I cannot give …… 
 I haven't tried it
 at the present time I can't give
 we haven't done any work on …… 
 The answer to that question is not simple
 that is difficult to answer because …… 
 this might well be a very difficult problem
 this question does not pertain to

18. メカニズム
 メカニズムまで掘下げるとディスカッションが活きる。
 which mechanism predominates
 the mechanism whereby …… 
 I do not have a mechanism
 there are several theories on this subject
 beyond the scope of …… 
 can you envisage a mechanism
 lead to
  …… by an ion exchange mechanism
 It could reasonably be assumed that
 It was hypothesized that
 has it been theodized why …… 
 the following experiments suggest …… 

19. 経済性
 技術ディスカッションには、
  主要原単位の表現および経済性についての検討が不可欠。
 the costs of …… 
 maintenance cost
 the capital requirements
 the steam requirements
 labor requirements
 uranium recovery costs
 at a current cost of …… 
 technically possible but economically successful
 show appreciable economics over …… 
 more expensive than …… 

20. 研究施設
 人的資源と設備面との調和、 
  …… 設備にもいろいろあることに留意しよう。
 professional and nonprofessional
 laboratory is equipped with …… 
 facilities
 instrument
 a …… the instrument
 apparatus
 well supplied with
 equipment
 controllers
 errors and uncertainties
 Institute
 techniques and skills involved

21. 機械設備
 機械の動的、静的いずれの面もいきいきと伝えるための工夫。
 machines
 large amounts of power
 in good condition
 maintenance
 machinery
 investment in plant and equipment
 torque and power
 performance parameters
 swing over
 rack-and-pinion arrangement
 press against
 rotate
 oscillate
 transform …… into …… 
 the radioisotope gage
 metal-working
 structural materials
 composition
 treatment
 Engineering Conference

22. 電気設備
 日本語としてはやさしい言葉が、英語としてはかえってむずかしい。
 male plug
 power cord
 100-volt
 50-60 cycle A.C. line
 turn the line switch
 push the key switch
 away from operator
 turn off
 torn on
 warm-up
 depress
 hold
 meter rises
 initial zeroing
 set at …… 
 meter is disconnected
 chart is inking properly

23. エネルギー
 エネルギー問題についてのディスカッションは、
  すべての技術分野の共通要素。
 energy consumed
 thermal combustion
 coal
 oil
 natural gas
 crude oil
 oil consumption
 electricity
 hydroelectric plant
 fossil fuels
 the world's energy requirements
 sources of energy
 nuclear energy
 uranium
 thorium
 atomic energy center
 military atomic energy project
 dam
 steam plant
 black smoke
 a loss of energy
 a contamination of the air

24. しめくくり
 折角の技術ディスカッションのしめくくりは、何かの形で必ずつけよう。
  終り良ければすべて良し。
 some highlighted aspects
 to arive at conclusions
 at a future meeting
 external factors beyond our control
 will be described in …… 
 my interpritation is that
 we did not make this point clear
 it is sufficient in this context to stress …… 
 leave the answer to this question until …… 
 the conclusion reached

25. ハイテク
 絶えず前進しようと努力していれば、
  そのこと自身がすでにハイテクである。
 myriads of high-techs
 p-type and n-type semiconducting materials
 DNA
 superconductors
 fiber-reinforced composite
 recycling
 Space Shuttle orbitor
 computer information retrieval
 human control
 science and technology

 おわりに――シチュエーションに強くなろう
 小さな熟語集
 小さな熟語集(増補)

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